Everything about Willard Libby totally explained
Willard Frank Libby (
December 17,
1908 –
September 8,
1980) was an
American physical chemist, famous for his role in the 1949 development of
radiocarbon dating, a process which revolutionized
archaeology.
Libby was born in
Grand Valley, Colorado. He received his B.S. in 1931 and Ph.D. in 1933 in chemistry from the
University of California, Berkeley, where he then became a lecturer and later assistant professor. Libby spent the 1930s building sensitive
geiger counters to measure weak natural and artificial radioactivity. In 1941 he joined Berkeley's chapter of
Alpha Chi Sigma.
Awarded a
Guggenheim Fellowship, he spent most of 1941 at
Princeton University. After the start of World War II, he worked on the
Manhattan Project at
Columbia University with Nobel laureate chemist
Harold Urey. Libby was responsible for the
gaseous diffusion separation and enrichment of the
Uranium-235 which was used in the
atomic bomb on
Hiroshima.
In 1945 he became a professor at the
University of Chicago. In 1954, he was appointed to the
U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. In 1959, he became Professor of Chemistry at
University of California, Los Angeles, a position he held until his retirement in 1976. He taught honors freshman chemistry from 1959 to 1963 (in keeping with a University tradition that senior faculty teach this class). He was Director of the
University of California statewide Institute of
Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) for many years including the lunar landing time. In 1966 he married
Leona Woods Marshall, an original experimentor on the world's first
nuclear reactor and a UCLA professor of environmental engineering. He also started the first Environmental Engineering program at
UCLA in 1972.
In 1960, Libby was awarded the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry for leading the team (namely, post-doc James Arnold and graduate student Ernie Anderson, with a $5,000 grant) that developed
Carbon-14 dating. He also discovered that tritium could be used for dating water, and therefore wine.
He attended
Analy High School in
Sebastopol, CA. The school library has a mural of Libby, and a nearby highway is named in his honor.
Works
- Libby, Willard F., Radiocarbon dating, 2d ed., University of Chicago Press, 1955.
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